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<p>Every pregnancy is different, and there's wide variation in the length of labor. For first-time moms, labor often takes between ten and 20 hours. For some women, though, it lasts much longer, while for others it's over much sooner. Labor generally progresses more quickly for women who've already given birth vaginally.</p>
<p>The process of labor and birth is divided into three stages:</p>
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    <h3><a href="#">First Stage</a></h3>
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        <p>The FIRST STAGE begins when you start having contractions that cause progressive changes in your cervix and ends when your cervix is fully dilated. This stage is divided into two phases:</p>
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            <li><b>Early labor:</b> Your cervix gradually effaces (thins out) and dilates (opens).</li>
            <li><b>Active labor:</b> Your cervix begins to dilate more rapidly, and contractions are longer, stronger, and closer together. People often refer to the last part of active labor as transition.</li>
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                    <strong>Note : </strong> Is the most boring stage, of waiting, during which the cervix must expand up to a maximum of about 10 cm.</p>
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        <b>What happens during this period?</b><br>        
        <p>The contractions become more intense and frequent, and follow one another every 2-5 minutes for a duration of 50/60 seconds. The pain increases in intensity and spreads in a belt across the lower abdomen and / or thighs.</p>
        <p>The dilation of the cervix gradually passes from ½ cm to 10 cm. The speed of expansion is initially slower (up to about 5 cm), then more rapidly until the complete dilation, around 10 cm.</p>
        <p>The progression of the baby's head is gradual, but simultaneously with dilation of the cervix. In this way the baby's head will be well positioned at the entrance of the birth canal at the time of full dilatation.</p>
        <b>Some Suggestions:</b>
        <ul>
            <li> Even at this stage, if there are specific contraindications, you can move and assume positions you like more during contractions.</li>
            <li>During each contraction executed breathing exercises and relaxation techniques you learned during the course of preparation for childbirth.</li>
            <li>If you feel like it, you can eat something light. Sometimes it happens to feel sick and this does not allow it.</li>
            <li>You can also drink, but avoid very sugary fizzy drinks or your stomach will dilate. This can exacerbate the hardships and be dangerous in case of general anesthesia.</li>
            <li>It is important to empty the bladder frequently, especially in the near term, this behavior helps to prevent injury to the bladder and allows the baby to have more space available.</li>
            <li>If necessary or required, a small evacuative enema can be run.</li>
            <li>Try to listen to your body, to the signals it sends to you and express all your needs to the midwife who is taking care of you "you will help her to help you"</li>
            <li>In most hospitals, genital shaving or hair removal is practiced. It allows better disinfection of this part and allows an easier wound closure, in case of episiotomy.</li>
        </ul>
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    <h3><a href="#">Second Stage</a></h3>
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        <p>The SECOND STAGE of labor begins once you're fully dilated and ends with the birth of your baby. This is sometimes referred to as the "pushing" stage.</p>
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                    <strong>Note : </strong> Is the most exciting stage, in which occurs the passage of the fetus through the birth canal and ends with the birth of your baby.</p>
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        <b>What happens during this period?</b><br>        
        <ul>
            <li>In primipara some phenomena have already been experienced such as reducing the efforts of the fetus, the internal rotation and the progression of the fetus in the birth canal.</li>
            <li>During internal rotation, the vertex of the head of the child, under the first push, may already emerge outside. In these moments the midwife and dad can see the color of the hair, but they appear darker than real as steeped in amniotic fluid.</li>
            <li>Later, the child sets the neck behind the pubic bone of the mother and begins the movement of disengagement of the head: an action of the lever allows the extension and the rear exit with his face.</li>
            <li>The subsequent rotation of the shoulders, which in turn are arranged according to an antero-posterior plane of the basin, means that the face of the newborn rotates towards the right thigh of the mother, and the right shoulder is fixed under the pubic symphysis, while the left protrudes posteriorly.</li>
            <li>With extreme ease, finally, will happen the expulsion of the body.</li>
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        <b>Some Suggestions:</b>
        <ul>
            <li>Attended to the more instinctive and deep feelings, enjoy this intense moment. If the baby is not really imminent, you can take the most comfortable position or one that will suggest the midwife.</li>
            <li>Use your voice if you want, emitting sounds (may help during physical exertion).</li>
            <li>Push several times throughout the period of contraction, holding your breath and making a long exhalation.</li>
            <li>Your husband or your partner can help to maintain the position during the push and support you psychologically.</li>
        </ul>
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    <h3><a href="#">Third Stage</a></h3>
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        <p>The THIRD STAGE begins right after the birth of your baby and ends with the delivery of the placenta.</p>
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                    <strong>Note : </strong> Is the phase following the birth, in which occurs the expulsion of the placenta and membranes. This is the last stage of labor.</p>
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        <b>What happens during this period?</b><br>        
        <ul>
            <li>After few minutes of birth, the uterus contracts to expel the placenta, the umbilical cord and membranes. This occurs in 4 stages:
                <ul>
                    <li>detachment of the placenta,</li>
                    <li>fall in the lower part of the uterus,</li>
                    <li>passage in the vagina and, finally,</li>
                    <li>ejection of the accompanying placental, inevitably associated with a discrete loss of blood.</li>
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            </li>
            <li>The duration of the afterbirth can vary from a few minutes to an hour; on average it takes 20 minutes.</li>
            <li>A muscular hemostatic effect that prevents an excessive blood loss in the area where the placenta is attached and forms the so-called: “world security" (for the rounded shape adopted by the body of the uterus)</li>
            <li>The placenta after being expelled will be examined and check that any residuals haven't remained in the uterus, otherwise this could be a cause of internal bleeding.</li>

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        <b>Some Suggestions:</b>
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            <li>Even if you're tired, you should still make a little effort: inhale, hold your breath and push at the same time to facilitate the release of the placenta and membranes.</li>
            <li>Do not worry if after you will experience intense shivering. Probably is caused by the passage of small amounts of amniotic fluid in the blood, it is normal, this lasts a few minutes and it easily disappears with the use of some blankets.</li>
            <li>It is very important to be relaxed during the maneuvers of "cleansing" of the uterus, the local anesthetic and suturing.</li>
            <li>In many hospitals they immediately proceed with the dressing of the mother and newborn. In some hospitals this practice is now changing and often gives parents the opportunity to sit quietly for an hour with their child immediately after the essential treatment. They’ll take care of cleaning later on.</li>
        </ul>
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